Raspberry Pi 3 Model B
These pins are a physical interface between the Pi and the outside world. At the simplest level, you can think of them as switches that you can turn on or off (input) or that the Pi can turn on or off (output).
Out of the the 40 pins, 26 are GPIO pins and the others are power or ground pins (plus two ID EEPROM pins which you should not play with unless you know your stuff!).
GPIO
General purpose input/output. In this specific case the pins on the Raspberry Pi and what you can do with them. So called because you can use them for all sorts of purposes; most can be used as either inputs or outputs, depending on your program.
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